Diplomasi Indonesia dan Persoalan Migran Asal Indonesia Pasca Konflik Suriah

Dian Mutmainah

Abstract


The repatriation of Indonesian migrants from Syria in April 2023 reminded us to the repatriation wave of Indonesian migrant from Syria after the country was torn by internal conflict since 2011.  Indonesian Government has conducted series of diplomatic efforts to ensure the safety of its citizen in Syria.  Indonesian Government was decided to stop sending its workers to Syria since 2011.  Indonesia also categorized Syria as one of rescticted destinations for its migrant workers since 2015.  Then why are there Indonesian migrants in Syria after those restrictions was applied?  This fact indicates that there was illegal procedure available that enabled the workers to migrate to Syria amids the restrictions which out of sight of the government monitor.  This paper addressed two issues: Indonesian diplomacy as a respon to the conflict in Suriah; and the problems faced by Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) because of the conflict in Syria.  This paper identified two problems faced by IWM in Syria after the conflict: security threats caused by the conflict that contributes to the occurrence of illegal migration to Syria; and labour issues that wosened by intensity of illegal migration during the conflict.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Antaranews.com. (2016, May 2). Cerita TKW Korban Perdagangan Manusia ke Suriah. Antaranews.com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/558382/cerita-tkw-korban-perdagangan-manusia-ke-suriah

Arfin Sudirman, Dina Yulianti, and Falhan Hakiki, “Anti-ISIS Foreign Fighters in Syria : A Conceptual Review" Foreign Fighters Anti-ISIS Di Suriah : Sebuah Tinjauan Konseptual,” Global Strategis 2 (2016): 257–84.

Armandhanu, D. (2016, January 19). Suriah Tidak Akui Moratorium, Tetap Terima TKI. Internasional; cnnindonesia.com. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20160119075844-120-105210/suriah-tidak-akui-moratorium-tetap-terima-tki

BBC. (2015, October 7). TKW ilegal dari Indonesia masih didatangkan ke Suriah. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151007_indonesia_tkw_suriah

BBC Indonesia. (2023, April 2). Pekerja migran Indonesia “dijual” ke Suriah, pihak keluarga: “Dia diancam bakal dipidana kalau tak jadi berangkat.” BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cq5z3g54gz0o

BBC News. (2018, March). Pengiriman pekerja Indonesia ke Suriah “masih berlangsung” meski sudah dilarang dan perang berkobar - BBC News Indonesia. BBC News Indonesia; BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-43227939

Berridge, G., & James, A. (2003). A Dictionary of Diplomacy Second Edition (p. 79). PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. http://www.kamudiplomasisi.org/pdf/kitaplar/___adictionaryofdiplomacy.pdf

BP2MI. (2012, June 10). BP2MI | BADAN PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA. BP2MI. https://bp2mi.go.id/statistik-detail/penempatan-per-tahun-per-negara-(2006-2012)

BP2MI. (2021). Pulang dari Suriah, Kepala BP2MI Jemput 22 PMI Repatriasi Korban TPPO. BP2MI. https://bp2mi.go.id/berita-detail/pulang-dari-suriah-kepala-bp2mi-jemput-22-pmi-repatriasi-korban-tppo

BP2MI, Maret 2023, Link: https://bp2mi.go.id/uploads/statistik/images/data_07-04-2023_Laporan_Publikasi_Bulan_Maret_2023_

CNN INDONESIA. (2019, September 24). Hilang Kontak 11 Tahun, TKI di Suriah Akhirnya Ditemukan. Internasional; cnnindonesia.com. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190924094138-106-433263/hilang-kontak-11-tahun-tki-di-suriah-akhirnya-ditemukan

G., R. B. (2002, August 8). Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd edn - Diplo Resource. Diplomacy.edu. https://www.diplomacy.edu/resource/diplomacy-theory-and-practice-2nd-edn/

International Organization for Migration. (2020). World Migration Report 2022. In publications.iom.int. International Organization for Migration. https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2022

Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia. (2019). KEDUTAAN BESAR REPUBLIK INDONESIA di DAMASCUS, REPUBLIK ARAB SURIAH. Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia. https://www.kemlu.go.id/damascus/id/pages/hubungan_bilateral_indonesia_-_suriah/2886/etc-menu

Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. (n.d.). Web.facebook.com. https://web.facebook.com/Kemlu.RI/photos/a.425190977517347/886341758068931/?type=3&_rdc=1&_rdr

Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. (2011a). KEDUTAAN BESAR REPUBLIK INDONESIA di DAMASCUS, REPUBLIK ARAB SURIAH. Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia. https://kemlu.go.id/damascus/id/read/himbauan-bagi-wni-di-suriah-darurat-ii/22/important-information.

Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. (2011b) Laporan Diplomasi Indonesia 2011. Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. https://kemlu.go.id/download/L3NpdGVzL3B1c2F0L0RvY3VtZW50cy9CdWt1L0RpcGxvbWFzaSUyMEluZG9uZXNpYS9CdWt1JTIwRGlwbG9tYXNpJTIwSW5kb25lc2lhJTIwMjAxMS5wZGY=

Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. (2015). Tiga Duta Besar RI Paparkan Pengalaman Diplomasi Di Tiga Benua. Web.facebook.com. https://web.facebook.com/Kemlu.RI/photos/tiga-duta-besar-ri-paparkan-pengalaman-diplomasi-di-tiga-benua-jakarta-forum-deb/886341758068931/?locale=id_ID&_rdc=1&_rdr

Kompas. (2015, September 15). Diperkirakan, 200-500 WNI Bergabung dengan ISIS di Suriah. KOMPAS.com; Kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2015/09/15/13404231/Diperkirakan.200-500.WNI.Bergabung.dengan.ISIS.di.Suriah.

Kompas. (2023). Diduga Ada 4,4 Juta PMI Ilegal Diberangkatkan Sindikat, BP2MI: Negara Tak Berdaya. KOMPAS.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/04/14/11424821/diduga-ada-44-juta-pmi-ilegal-diberangkatkan-sindikat-bp2mi-negara-tak

Kompas Cyber Media. (2022, July 13). Kemenlu Perkirakan Ada 9 Juta WNI di Luar Negeri, Hanya 3 Juta yang Tercatat. KOMPAS.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/13/11200371/kemenlu-perkirakan-ada-9-juta-wni-di-luar-negeri-hanya-3-juta-yang-tercatat

Kompas TV, & Putri, A. A. (2023, April 4). Diduga Jadi Korban Perdagangan Manusia, Pekerja Migran Asal Cikampek Ini Minta Pertolongan! YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0FL-0EDrIs.

Lutfia, I. (2012). Indonesia Minta Suriah Mudahkan Proses Exit Permit. Beritasatu. https://www.beritasatu.com/news/63158/indonesia-minta-suriah-mudahkan-proses-exit-permit

Media Indonesia. (n.d.). 41 TKW Kembali Dipulangkan dari Suriah. Mediaindonesia.com. https://mediaindonesia.com/internasional/42278/41-tkw-kembali-dipulangkan-dari-suriah

Meilanova, D. R. (2019, October 15). KBRI Damaskus Kembali Pulangkan 13 Pekerja Migran dari Suriah. Bisnis.com. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20191015/19/1159115/kbri-damaskus-kembali-pulangkan-13-pekerja-migran-dari-suriah

Merdeka.com. (2013, January 2). KBRI tetapkan darurat satu buat Suriah. Merdeka.com. https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/kbri-tetapkan-darurat-satu-buat-suriah.html

PPID Provinsi Sumatera Barat. (2015). KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KETENAGAKERJAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 260 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PENGHENTIAN DAN PELARANGAN PENEMPATAN TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA PADA PENGGUNA PERSEORANGAN DI NEGARA-NEGARA KAWASAN TIMUR TENGAH. Ppid.sumbarprov.go.id. https://ppid.sumbarprov.go.id/home/details/3217-keputusan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-republik-indonesia-nomor-260-tahun-2015-tentang-penghentian-dan-pe.html

Quas, S., Surya, M., Redaksi, P., Sudradjat, D., Kurnia, N., Staf, W., Bharata, R., Nasrun, Y., Noer, I., Hamarsan, D., Dewi, M., Asih, R., Suryani, K., Wulandari, R., Umum, S., Dharmaginta, Usep, T., Arifin, K., Nugraheny, R., & Martina, O. (2013). Jalan Berliku Pulang dari Negeri Perang. https://itjen.kemlu.go.id/quas/20230108225615NS6.pdf

Republika. (2013). Pelajar Indonesia di Suriah Tinggal 45 Orang. Republika Online. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/mdlsmw/pelajar-indonesia-di-suriah-tinggal-45-orang

Rohmatin Bonasir. (2018, March). Pengiriman pekerja Indonesia ke Suriah “masih berlangsung” meski sudah dilarang dan perang berkobar - BBC News Indonesia. BBC News Indonesia; BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-43227939

Sassen, S. (2004). Beyond Sovereignty: Immigration Policy Making Today. Social Justice, 23(3 (65)), 239. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766949

Sinha, B. (2005). Human migration: concepts and approaches (p. 405). https://web.archive.org/web/20180421131139id_/http://www.mtafki.hu/konyvtar/kiadv/FE2005/FE20053-4_403-414.pdf

Suprihadi, M. (2012, January 4). KBRI Damaskus Selamatkan Hak Gaji TKI. KOMPAS.com; Kompas.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2012/01/04/09114884/index.html

VOA Indonesia. (2015, March 14). Turki Tahan 16 WNI yang akan Menyeberang ke Suriah. VOA Indonesia. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/turki-tahan-16-wni-yang-akan-gabung-isis-/2679533.html

World Bank. (2017). Juggling Opportunities & Risks A World Bank Indonesia Report November 2017 (p. 11). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/946351511861382947/pdf/121691-Indonesias-Global-Workers-Juggling-Opportunities-Risks.pdf




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.01.6

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Dian Mutmainah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Publisher: 
Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya

Editorial Address:
Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145

Tel. (+62) 341-575755
Fax. (+62) 341-570038
e-mail : globalfocus@ub.ac.id
website : globalfocus.ub.ac.id

Global Focus is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International